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by virtue of

  • 1 In medio stat virtus

    • Virtue stands in the middle. Virtue is in the moderate, not the extreme position. (Horace)

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > In medio stat virtus

  • 2 Ipsa qvidem pretivm virtvs sibi

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Ipsa qvidem pretivm virtvs sibi

  • 3 Virtus in medio stat

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Virtus in medio stat

  • 4 rectum

    virtue, right

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > rectum

  • 5 virtūs

        virtūs ūtis, f    [vir], manliness, manhood, strength, vigor, bravery, courage, excellence: virtus clara aeternaque habetur, S.: animi... corporis: virtutes continentiae, gravitatis, iustitiae, fidei: oratoris vis divina virtusque.—In war, courage, valor, bravery, gallantry, fortitude: Gallos virtute praecedere, Cs.: militum: Scipiadae, H.—Goodness, moral perfection, high character, virtue: est autem virtus nihil aliud nisi perfecta et ad summum perducta natura: cum omnes rectae animi adfectiones virtutes appellentur.—Person., as a goddess, Virtue: Virtutis templum, L., Iu.—Goodness, worth, merit, value, strength: nam nec arboris, nec equi virtus in opinione sita est, sed in naturā: navium, L.: Herbarum, O.
    * * *
    strength/power; courage/bravery; worth/manliness/virtue/character/excellence; army; host; mighty works (pl.); class of Angels

    Latin-English dictionary > virtūs

  • 6 virtus

    virtūs, ūtis ( gen. plur. virtutium, App. Mag. 73; Paul. Nol. Carm. 10, 34; dat. and abl. VIRTVTEI, Inscr. Corp. Lat. 1, 30 and 34), f. [vir], manliness, manhood, i. e. the sum of all the corporeal or mental excellences of man, strength, vigor; bravery, courage; aptness, capacity; worth, excellence, virtue, etc.:

    virtus clara aeternaque habetur,

    Sall. C. 1, 4:

    ni virtus fidesque vostra spectata mihi forent,

    id. ib. 20, 2; id. J. 74, 1.
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit.:

    ita fiet, ut animi virtus corporis virtuti anteponatur,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 13, 38:

    his virtutibus ornatus, modestiā, temperantiā, justitiā,

    id. Off. 1, 15, 46; cf.:

    virtutes continentiae, gravitatis, justitiae, fidei,

    id. Mur. 10, 23:

    virtus atque integritas,

    id. Font. 13, 29:

    oratoris vis divina virtusque,

    id. de Or. 2, 27, 120.—
    B.
    Transf., of animals, and of inanimate or abstract things, goodness, worth, value, power, strength, etc.:

    nam nec arboris, nec equi virtus (in quo abutimur nomine) in opinione sita est, sed in naturā,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 45:

    praedium-solo bono, suā virtute valeat,

    Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

    merci pretium statui, pro virtute ut veneat,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 131:

    navium,

    Liv. 37, 24, 1:

    ferri,

    Just. 11, 13, 11:

    herbarum,

    Ov. M. 14, 357:

    oratoriae virtutes,

    Cic. Brut. 17, 65:

    oratio habet virtutes tres,

    Quint. 1, 5, 1:

    dicendi (opp. vitium),

    id. 8, praef. §

    17: facundiae,

    id. 12, 3, 9.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    In the phrase deūm virtute, usu. with dicam, by the aid or merit of the gods, i. e. the gods be thanked (anteclass), Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

    virtute deūm et majorum nostrūm,

    id. Aul. 2, 1, 44; id. Capt. 2, 2, 71 dub.; cf. id. Mil. 3, 1, 85 and 90;

    so virtute eorum (i. e. majorum),

    id. Trin. 3, 2, 17.—
    B. 1.
    Lit.:

    est autem virtus nihil aliud quam in se perfecta et ad summum perducta natura,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

    virtus est animi habitus naturae modo rationi consentaneus,

    id. Inv. 2, 53, 159:

    cum omnes rectae animi affectiones virtutes appellentur... Appellata est ex viro virtus, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Inv. 2, 53, 159:

    nec vero habere virtutem satis est quasi artem aliquam, nisi utare... virtus in usu sui tota posita est,

    id. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

    est in eo virtus et probitas et summum officium summaque observantia,

    id. Fam. 13, 28, a, 2.—
    2.
    Transf., Virtue, personified as a deity, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 61; 2, 31, 79; id. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 2, 11, 28; id. Phil. 14, 13, 34; Plaut. Am. prol. 42; Liv. 27, 25, 7; 29, 11, 13; Juv. 1, 115 al.—
    C.
    Military talents, courage, valor, bravery, gallantry, fortitude (syn. fortitudo), etc.:

    Helvetii reliquos Gallos virtute praecedunt, quod fere cottidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 2;

    1, 13: militum,

    Sall. J. 52, 6; 62, 1:

    Claudi virtute Neronis Armenius cecidit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 26:

    Scipiadae,

    id. S. 2, 1, 72; cf. id. Epod. 9, 26; 16, 5; id. C. 2, 7, 11.—
    D.
    Obstinacy:

    iniqua,

    Stat. Th. 11, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > virtus

  • 7 aretālogus

        aretālogus ī, m, ἀρεταλόγοσ, a prattler about virtue: mendax, Iu.
    * * *
    reciter/teller of fairy-tales/stories of the gods; prattler on virtue; boaster

    Latin-English dictionary > aretālogus

  • 8 decus

        decus oris, n    [DEC-], grace, glory, honor, dignity, splendor, beauty: eius decus sustinere: verum decus in virtute positum est: regium, S.: muliebre, chastity, L.: casti pudoris, O.: sine decore perfugere, in dishonor, S.: decus enitet ore, V.: Inmemores decoris pectora tundunt, beauty, O.— An ornament, glory, boast, decoration, adornment, honor: decora fanorum: senator decus iudiciorum: senectutis: equitum Maecenas, H.: super positum capiti, L.: Pilumno quos ipsa decus dedit, V.: imperatori decori esse, S.: Vitis arboribus decori est, V.— Moral dignity, worth, virtue, honor: virtutis: publicum, of the state, Ta.: civitatis: Oblitus decoris sui, V.: Virtus, fama, decus Divitiis parent, H.— Plur, deeds of honor, honorable achievements, exploits: cum multa referret sua decora, L.: militiae decora, L.: nunc vestra decora recensete, Ta. — Glorious ancestors: longa decora praeferentes, Ta.
    * * *
    glory/splendor; honor/distinction; deeds; dignity/virtue; decorum; grace/beauty

    Latin-English dictionary > decus

  • 9 rēctum

        rēctum ī, n    [P. n. of rego], good, uprightness, rectitude, virtue: illud rectum, quod koto/rthwma dicebas: Neque id putabit, pravum an rectum siet, T.: curvo dignoscere rectum, H.: mens sibi conscia recti, V.: fidem rectumque colebat, O.
    * * *
    virtue; the_right

    Latin-English dictionary > rēctum

  • 10 sānctitās

        sānctitās ātis, f    [sanctus], inviolability, sacredness, sanctity: tribunatūs: templi insulaeque, L.: mecum deorum et hominum sanctitates omnes afuerunt.— Moral purity, holiness, sanctity, virtue, piety, integrity, honor, purity, chastity: quasi lumen aliquod elucere sanctitatem tuam: matronarum: sanctitas est scientia colendorum deorum: feminarum, L.— A pious observance: religionum sanctitates.
    * * *
    inviolability, sanctity, moral purity, virtue, piety, purity, holiness

    Latin-English dictionary > sānctitās

  • 11 vīs

        vīs (gen. vīs, late), —, acc. vim, abl. vī, f plur. vīrēs, ium    [cf. ἴσ], strength, force, vigor, power, energy, virtue: celeritas et vis equorum: plus vis habeat quam sanguinis, Ta.: contra vim atque impetum fluminis, Cs.: veneni.—Plur. (usu. of bodily strength): non viribus corporum res magnae geruntur: me iam sanguis viresque deficiunt, Cs.: corporis viribus excellens, L.: validis viribus hastam Contorsit, V.: agere pro viribus, with all your might: supra vires, H.: seu virium vi seu exercitatione multā cibi vinique capacissimus, L.: Nec mihi sunt vires inimicos pellere tectis, O.— Hostile strength, force, violence, compulsion: vis est haec quidem, T.: cum vi vis inlata defenditur: celeri rumore dilato Dioni vim adlatam, N.: sine vi facere, T.: matribus familias vim adferre: iter per vim tentare, by force, Cs.: civem domum vi et armis compulit: de vi condemnati sunt: quaestiones vel de caede vel de vi.—Energy, virtue, potency: vires habet herba? O.: egregius fons Viribus occultis adiuvat, Iu.—A quantity, number, abundance: mellis maxima: magna auri argentique: pulveris, Cs.— Plur, military forces, troops: praeesse exercitui, ut vires ad coërcendum haberet, Cs.: robur omne virium eius regni, the flower, L.: Concitet et vires Graecia magna suas, O.—Fig., mental strength, power, force, energy, vigor, influence: oratoris: conscientiae: quod ostentum habuit hanc vim, ut, etc., effect: qui indignitate suā vim ac ius magistratui quem gerebat dempsisset, L.—Force, notion, meaning, sense, import, nature, essence: id, in quo est omnis vis amicitiae: verborum, i. e. the signification: quae vis insit in his paucis verbis, si attendes, intelleges.
    * * *
    I
    be willing; wish
    II
    strength (bodily) (pl.), force, power, might, violence; resources; large body
    III
    strength (sg. only, not ACC), force, power, might, violence

    Latin-English dictionary > vīs

  • 12 frugalitas

    frūgālĭtas, tātis, f. [frugalis, II.], economy, temperance, thriftiness, frugality; and in gen., worth, virtue (the Gr. sôphrosunê; class.).
    I.
    Prop.:

    omnes in illo sunt rege virtutes, sed praecipue singularis et admiranda frugalitas... ego frugalitatem, id est modestiam et temperantiam, virtutem maximam judico,

    Cic. Deiot. 9, 26: vitae genus cum luxu aut cum frugalitate, Cels. praef. med.; cf.:

    ex contrariis: frugalitas bonum, luxuria enim malum,

    Quint. 5, 10, 73:

    quod cessat ex reditu, frugalitate suppletur,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 3:

    bona valetudo, quaeque eam maxime praestat frugalitas,

    Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 3, 19; 12, 1, 8; Petr. 115:

    frugalitas autem paupertas voluntaria est,

    Sen. Ep. 17, 5:

    luxurioso frugalitas poena est,

    id. ib. 71, 23; id. Tranq. An. 1, 9.—Of speech:

    quadam eloquentiae frugalitate contentos,

    measure, Quint. 12, 10, 21.—
    * B.
    Transf., in concr. for fruges, fruits of the earth, App. M. 9, p. 233, 29.—
    II.
    In a gen. sense, worth, virtue: temperans, quem Graeci sôphrona appellant, eamque virtutem sôphrosunên vocant, quam soleo equidem tum temperantiam, tum moderationem appellare, nonnumquam etiam modestiam:

    sed haud scio an recte ea virtus frugalitas appellari possit, etc.... reliquas etiam virtutes frugalitas continet, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.; cf. id. ib. 4, 16, 36; Quint. 1, 6, 17; 29.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > frugalitas

  • 13 honestiores

    hŏnestus, a um, adj. [honos, honor, qs. furnished or clothed with honor], full of honor, honorable.
    I.
    Regarded with honor, enjoying respect or consideration, honored, distinguished, honorable, respectable, noble, = honoratus:

    qui me honore honestiorem fecit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 32: cum honos sit praemium virtutis judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem;

    qui eum sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 81, 281:

    satis honestam honoratamque imaginem fore,

    Liv. 36, 40, 9: magnus atque honestus, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 4; cf.:

    salvi et honesti,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 2:

    honestus homo et nobilis,

    Cic. Mur. 36, 75:

    cum honesto aliquo homine,

    id. Fam. 16, 9, 4:

    amplae et honestae familiae,

    illustrious and honorable families, id. Mur. 7, 15; cf.: homines honestis parentibus ac majoribus nati, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 85:

    bonis parentibus atque honesto loco natus,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 58:

    cum Sabinas honesto ortas loco virgines rapi jussit,

    id. Rep. 2, 7:

    loco natus honesto,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 45, 2:

    Polla, Nursiae honesto genere orta,

    Suet. Vesp. 1:

    equite Romano in primis honesto et ornato,

    distinguished, eminent, Cic. Fam. 13, 14, 1; 13, 31, 1:

    eques Romanus,

    id. ib. 13, 62; cf.:

    erant complures honesti adulescentes, senatorum filii et ordinis equestris,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 51, 3:

    publicani, homines honestissimi atque ornatissimi,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:

    homo honestissimus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 6:

    milites honestissimi sui generis,

    id. B. C. 1, 20, 1:

    virginis honestae vaticinatione,

    Suet. Galb. 9 et saep.:

    quia deus auctor culpae honestior erat,

    Liv. 1, 4, 2:

    tam grave, tam firmum, tam honestum municipium,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

    honestissimus conventus,

    Quint. 1, 2, 9:

    ut honestiore judicio conflictere?

    more honorable, Cic. Quint. 13, 44:

    dies honestissimus nobis,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 2:

    atque erit illa mihi mortis honesta dies,

    Prop. 3 (4), 21, 34:

    honesta paupertas,

    Vell. 129, 3:

    omnium honestarum rerum egens,

    not able to live suitably to his rank, Sall. J. 14, 17: honestis manibus omnia laetius proveniunt, i. e. of generals (cf. shortly before:

    ipsorum tunc manibus imperatorum colebantur agri),

    Plin. 18, 3, 4, § 19.—As substt.
    1.
    hŏnestĭōres, um, m., men of noble birth:

    qui hominem castraverit... sive is servus sive liber sit, capite punitur: honestiores publicatis bonis in insulam deportantur,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 23, 13; 1, 21, 4 sq.;

    opp. humiliores,

    id. ib. 5, 25, 1 sq.; Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 1, 2, 2; 8, 4, 2.—
    2.
    hŏnestum, i, n., honorable conduct, morality, virtue:

    nec honesto quicquam honestius,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 7, 25:

    rigidi servator honesti (Cato),

    Luc. 2, 389.
    II. A.
    In gen.:

    ut (civium vita) opibus firma, copiis locuples, gloria ampla, virtute honesta sit,

    Cic. Att. 8, 11, 1:

    in convivio moderato atque honesto,

    id. Mur. 6, 13:

    aequa et honesta postulatio,

    id. Rosc. Am. 2, 7:

    honestum ac probabile nomen,

    id. Caecin. 25, 71; cf.:

    ut honesta praescriptione rem turpissimam tegerent,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4:

    causas abeundi quaerat honestas,

    Lucr. 4, 1181:

    certatio,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

    honestam rem actionemve aut non suscipere aut, etc.,

    id. ib. 13, 47:

    res, causa (opp. turpis),

    Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5; cf.:

    honesta res dividitur in rectum et laudabile,

    id. 3, 2, 3:

    hominum honestissimorum testimoniis non credere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

    homines honestissimi,

    id. ib. 17, 49:

    quod omnium sit votum parentum, ut honestiores quam sint ipsi, liberos habeant,

    Quint. 1, 1, 82:

    soror,

    virtuous, chaste, Hor. S. 2, 3, 58:

    vita honestissima,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; so in sup.:

    labor,

    Quint. 12, 7, 10:

    praecepta,

    id. 12, 2, 27:

    testimonia,

    id. 5, 11, 37:

    vitae instituta sic distant, ut Cretes et Aetoli latrocinari honestum putent,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 9:

    honestum quibusdam rapto vivere,

    Quint. 3, 7, 24:

    honestius est de amicorum pecunia laborare quam de sua,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 14, 2:

    ut neque rectum neque honestum sit, nec fieri possit, ut, etc.,

    id. Lael. 21, 76:

    honestum et rectum,

    id. ib. 22, 82:

    honestum id intellegimus, quod tale est, ut, detracta omni utilitate, sine ullis praemiis fructibusve per se ipsum possit jure laudari,

    id. Fin. 2, 14, 45; cf. id. Inv. 2, 53, 159; id. Leg. 1, 18, 48:

    si maritus uxorem suam in adulterio deprehensam occidit... non inique aliquid ejus honestissimo calori permittitur, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 4, 10, 1: mores honestos tradere,

    Juv. 6, 239.—As subst.: hŏnestum, i, n., honesty, integrity, virtue (cf.:

    honor, virtus, etc.): quandoquidem honestum aut ipsa virtus est aut res gesta virtute,

    id. Fin. 5, 23, 66; cf.:

    sive honestum solum bonum est, ut Stoicis placet, sive quod honestum est, id ita summum bonum est, ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 3, 13; 1, 4, 14:

    formam quidem ipsam et tamquam faciem honesti vides,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 14:

    omnis honesti justique disciplina,

    Quint. 12, 2, 1:

    honesti praesens imago,

    id. 12, 1, 28:

    quo (honesto) detracto quid poterit beatum intellegi?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    de honesto ac bono,

    Quint. 2, 2, 5:

    honesta ac turpia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 44; 1, 17, 46:

    honestis similia sunt quaedam non honesta,

    id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

    in eodem pectore nullum est honestorum turpiumque consortium,

    Quint. 12, 1, 4:

    de honestis, justis, utilibus quaestiones,

    id. 3, 6, 41.—Prov.:

    honesta mors turpi vita potior,

    Tac. Agr. 33:

    imponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis,

    Juv. 6, 444:

    honestus rumor alterum est patrimonium,

    Pub. Syr. 217 Rib.—
    B.
    In partic., of personal appearance, noble, fine, handsome, beautiful (mostly poet.):

    ille erat honesta facie et liberali,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 15; 2, 1, 24; cf.: ita me di ament, honestus est. id. ib. 3, 2, 21:

    erat forma praeter ceteras honesta,

    id. And. 1, 1, 96:

    facies,

    Suet. Tib. 68:

    caput,

    Verg. A. 10, 133; id. G. 2, 392:

    asini,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 2:

    (equi),

    Verg. G. 3, 81:

    ager honestior,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 2:

    tunc ora rigantur honestis Imbribus (i. e. lacrimis),

    Stat. Th. 2, 234.—As subst.: hŏnestum, i, n., beauty:

    nec, si quid honesti est, jactat habetque palam, quaerit, quo turpia celet, = si quid pulchri habent,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 84.—Hence, adv.: hŏ-nestē.
    1.
    (Acc. to I.) Honorably, nobly (very rare):

    honeste natus,

    of noble birth, Suet. Aug. 43.—Far more freq. and class.,
    2.
    (Acc. to II.) Decently, becomingly, properly, creditably, virtuously:

    neque illa matrem satis honeste tuam sequi poterit comes,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 69; id. Rud. 2, 3, 77:

    sic volo Te ferre (aquam) honeste, ut ego fero,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

    unde Mundior exiret vix libertinus honeste,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 12:

    ut videamur vestiti esse honeste,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 31 Müll.:

    (Lucretia) tum quoque jam moriens, ne non procumbat honeste, Respicit,

    Ov. F. 2, 833:

    (Caesar) sinum ad ima crura deduxit, quo honestius caderet,

    Suet. Caes. 82; Lucil. ap. Non. 427, 26:

    valde se honeste gerunt,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 13:

    honestius hic, quam Q. Pompeius,

    id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

    quae in nostris rebus non satis honeste, in amicorum fiunt honestissime,

    id. Lael. 16, 57:

    aliquid recte honesteque dicere,

    id. Rep. 1, 2:

    beate et honeste vivere,

    id. ib. 4, 3:

    honeste vivere (opp. turpiter),

    Quint. 5, 10, 24:

    facere ac dicere (opp. turpiter),

    id. 11, 1, 14; 10, 5, 13:

    tam jejuna fames, cum possit honestius tremere, etc.,

    Juv. 5, 10. iste quidem veteres inter ponetur honeste, fairly, properly, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 43:

    fastigium nunc honeste vergit in tectum inferioris porticus,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > honestiores

  • 14 honestum

    hŏnestus, a um, adj. [honos, honor, qs. furnished or clothed with honor], full of honor, honorable.
    I.
    Regarded with honor, enjoying respect or consideration, honored, distinguished, honorable, respectable, noble, = honoratus:

    qui me honore honestiorem fecit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 32: cum honos sit praemium virtutis judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem;

    qui eum sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 81, 281:

    satis honestam honoratamque imaginem fore,

    Liv. 36, 40, 9: magnus atque honestus, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 4; cf.:

    salvi et honesti,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 2:

    honestus homo et nobilis,

    Cic. Mur. 36, 75:

    cum honesto aliquo homine,

    id. Fam. 16, 9, 4:

    amplae et honestae familiae,

    illustrious and honorable families, id. Mur. 7, 15; cf.: homines honestis parentibus ac majoribus nati, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 85:

    bonis parentibus atque honesto loco natus,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 58:

    cum Sabinas honesto ortas loco virgines rapi jussit,

    id. Rep. 2, 7:

    loco natus honesto,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 45, 2:

    Polla, Nursiae honesto genere orta,

    Suet. Vesp. 1:

    equite Romano in primis honesto et ornato,

    distinguished, eminent, Cic. Fam. 13, 14, 1; 13, 31, 1:

    eques Romanus,

    id. ib. 13, 62; cf.:

    erant complures honesti adulescentes, senatorum filii et ordinis equestris,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 51, 3:

    publicani, homines honestissimi atque ornatissimi,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:

    homo honestissimus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 6:

    milites honestissimi sui generis,

    id. B. C. 1, 20, 1:

    virginis honestae vaticinatione,

    Suet. Galb. 9 et saep.:

    quia deus auctor culpae honestior erat,

    Liv. 1, 4, 2:

    tam grave, tam firmum, tam honestum municipium,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

    honestissimus conventus,

    Quint. 1, 2, 9:

    ut honestiore judicio conflictere?

    more honorable, Cic. Quint. 13, 44:

    dies honestissimus nobis,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 2:

    atque erit illa mihi mortis honesta dies,

    Prop. 3 (4), 21, 34:

    honesta paupertas,

    Vell. 129, 3:

    omnium honestarum rerum egens,

    not able to live suitably to his rank, Sall. J. 14, 17: honestis manibus omnia laetius proveniunt, i. e. of generals (cf. shortly before:

    ipsorum tunc manibus imperatorum colebantur agri),

    Plin. 18, 3, 4, § 19.—As substt.
    1.
    hŏnestĭōres, um, m., men of noble birth:

    qui hominem castraverit... sive is servus sive liber sit, capite punitur: honestiores publicatis bonis in insulam deportantur,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 23, 13; 1, 21, 4 sq.;

    opp. humiliores,

    id. ib. 5, 25, 1 sq.; Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 1, 2, 2; 8, 4, 2.—
    2.
    hŏnestum, i, n., honorable conduct, morality, virtue:

    nec honesto quicquam honestius,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 7, 25:

    rigidi servator honesti (Cato),

    Luc. 2, 389.
    II. A.
    In gen.:

    ut (civium vita) opibus firma, copiis locuples, gloria ampla, virtute honesta sit,

    Cic. Att. 8, 11, 1:

    in convivio moderato atque honesto,

    id. Mur. 6, 13:

    aequa et honesta postulatio,

    id. Rosc. Am. 2, 7:

    honestum ac probabile nomen,

    id. Caecin. 25, 71; cf.:

    ut honesta praescriptione rem turpissimam tegerent,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4:

    causas abeundi quaerat honestas,

    Lucr. 4, 1181:

    certatio,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

    honestam rem actionemve aut non suscipere aut, etc.,

    id. ib. 13, 47:

    res, causa (opp. turpis),

    Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5; cf.:

    honesta res dividitur in rectum et laudabile,

    id. 3, 2, 3:

    hominum honestissimorum testimoniis non credere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

    homines honestissimi,

    id. ib. 17, 49:

    quod omnium sit votum parentum, ut honestiores quam sint ipsi, liberos habeant,

    Quint. 1, 1, 82:

    soror,

    virtuous, chaste, Hor. S. 2, 3, 58:

    vita honestissima,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; so in sup.:

    labor,

    Quint. 12, 7, 10:

    praecepta,

    id. 12, 2, 27:

    testimonia,

    id. 5, 11, 37:

    vitae instituta sic distant, ut Cretes et Aetoli latrocinari honestum putent,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 9:

    honestum quibusdam rapto vivere,

    Quint. 3, 7, 24:

    honestius est de amicorum pecunia laborare quam de sua,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 14, 2:

    ut neque rectum neque honestum sit, nec fieri possit, ut, etc.,

    id. Lael. 21, 76:

    honestum et rectum,

    id. ib. 22, 82:

    honestum id intellegimus, quod tale est, ut, detracta omni utilitate, sine ullis praemiis fructibusve per se ipsum possit jure laudari,

    id. Fin. 2, 14, 45; cf. id. Inv. 2, 53, 159; id. Leg. 1, 18, 48:

    si maritus uxorem suam in adulterio deprehensam occidit... non inique aliquid ejus honestissimo calori permittitur, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 4, 10, 1: mores honestos tradere,

    Juv. 6, 239.—As subst.: hŏnestum, i, n., honesty, integrity, virtue (cf.:

    honor, virtus, etc.): quandoquidem honestum aut ipsa virtus est aut res gesta virtute,

    id. Fin. 5, 23, 66; cf.:

    sive honestum solum bonum est, ut Stoicis placet, sive quod honestum est, id ita summum bonum est, ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 3, 13; 1, 4, 14:

    formam quidem ipsam et tamquam faciem honesti vides,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 14:

    omnis honesti justique disciplina,

    Quint. 12, 2, 1:

    honesti praesens imago,

    id. 12, 1, 28:

    quo (honesto) detracto quid poterit beatum intellegi?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    de honesto ac bono,

    Quint. 2, 2, 5:

    honesta ac turpia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 44; 1, 17, 46:

    honestis similia sunt quaedam non honesta,

    id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

    in eodem pectore nullum est honestorum turpiumque consortium,

    Quint. 12, 1, 4:

    de honestis, justis, utilibus quaestiones,

    id. 3, 6, 41.—Prov.:

    honesta mors turpi vita potior,

    Tac. Agr. 33:

    imponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis,

    Juv. 6, 444:

    honestus rumor alterum est patrimonium,

    Pub. Syr. 217 Rib.—
    B.
    In partic., of personal appearance, noble, fine, handsome, beautiful (mostly poet.):

    ille erat honesta facie et liberali,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 15; 2, 1, 24; cf.: ita me di ament, honestus est. id. ib. 3, 2, 21:

    erat forma praeter ceteras honesta,

    id. And. 1, 1, 96:

    facies,

    Suet. Tib. 68:

    caput,

    Verg. A. 10, 133; id. G. 2, 392:

    asini,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 2:

    (equi),

    Verg. G. 3, 81:

    ager honestior,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 2:

    tunc ora rigantur honestis Imbribus (i. e. lacrimis),

    Stat. Th. 2, 234.—As subst.: hŏnestum, i, n., beauty:

    nec, si quid honesti est, jactat habetque palam, quaerit, quo turpia celet, = si quid pulchri habent,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 84.—Hence, adv.: hŏ-nestē.
    1.
    (Acc. to I.) Honorably, nobly (very rare):

    honeste natus,

    of noble birth, Suet. Aug. 43.—Far more freq. and class.,
    2.
    (Acc. to II.) Decently, becomingly, properly, creditably, virtuously:

    neque illa matrem satis honeste tuam sequi poterit comes,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 69; id. Rud. 2, 3, 77:

    sic volo Te ferre (aquam) honeste, ut ego fero,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

    unde Mundior exiret vix libertinus honeste,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 12:

    ut videamur vestiti esse honeste,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 31 Müll.:

    (Lucretia) tum quoque jam moriens, ne non procumbat honeste, Respicit,

    Ov. F. 2, 833:

    (Caesar) sinum ad ima crura deduxit, quo honestius caderet,

    Suet. Caes. 82; Lucil. ap. Non. 427, 26:

    valde se honeste gerunt,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 13:

    honestius hic, quam Q. Pompeius,

    id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

    quae in nostris rebus non satis honeste, in amicorum fiunt honestissime,

    id. Lael. 16, 57:

    aliquid recte honesteque dicere,

    id. Rep. 1, 2:

    beate et honeste vivere,

    id. ib. 4, 3:

    honeste vivere (opp. turpiter),

    Quint. 5, 10, 24:

    facere ac dicere (opp. turpiter),

    id. 11, 1, 14; 10, 5, 13:

    tam jejuna fames, cum possit honestius tremere, etc.,

    Juv. 5, 10. iste quidem veteres inter ponetur honeste, fairly, properly, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 43:

    fastigium nunc honeste vergit in tectum inferioris porticus,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > honestum

  • 15 honestus

    hŏnestus, a um, adj. [honos, honor, qs. furnished or clothed with honor], full of honor, honorable.
    I.
    Regarded with honor, enjoying respect or consideration, honored, distinguished, honorable, respectable, noble, = honoratus:

    qui me honore honestiorem fecit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 32: cum honos sit praemium virtutis judicio studioque civium delatum ad aliquem;

    qui eum sententiis, qui suffragiis adeptus est, is mihi et honestus et honoratus videtur, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 81, 281:

    satis honestam honoratamque imaginem fore,

    Liv. 36, 40, 9: magnus atque honestus, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 4; cf.:

    salvi et honesti,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 2:

    honestus homo et nobilis,

    Cic. Mur. 36, 75:

    cum honesto aliquo homine,

    id. Fam. 16, 9, 4:

    amplae et honestae familiae,

    illustrious and honorable families, id. Mur. 7, 15; cf.: homines honestis parentibus ac majoribus nati, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 85:

    bonis parentibus atque honesto loco natus,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 58:

    cum Sabinas honesto ortas loco virgines rapi jussit,

    id. Rep. 2, 7:

    loco natus honesto,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 45, 2:

    Polla, Nursiae honesto genere orta,

    Suet. Vesp. 1:

    equite Romano in primis honesto et ornato,

    distinguished, eminent, Cic. Fam. 13, 14, 1; 13, 31, 1:

    eques Romanus,

    id. ib. 13, 62; cf.:

    erant complures honesti adulescentes, senatorum filii et ordinis equestris,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 51, 3:

    publicani, homines honestissimi atque ornatissimi,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:

    homo honestissimus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 6:

    milites honestissimi sui generis,

    id. B. C. 1, 20, 1:

    virginis honestae vaticinatione,

    Suet. Galb. 9 et saep.:

    quia deus auctor culpae honestior erat,

    Liv. 1, 4, 2:

    tam grave, tam firmum, tam honestum municipium,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

    honestissimus conventus,

    Quint. 1, 2, 9:

    ut honestiore judicio conflictere?

    more honorable, Cic. Quint. 13, 44:

    dies honestissimus nobis,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 2:

    atque erit illa mihi mortis honesta dies,

    Prop. 3 (4), 21, 34:

    honesta paupertas,

    Vell. 129, 3:

    omnium honestarum rerum egens,

    not able to live suitably to his rank, Sall. J. 14, 17: honestis manibus omnia laetius proveniunt, i. e. of generals (cf. shortly before:

    ipsorum tunc manibus imperatorum colebantur agri),

    Plin. 18, 3, 4, § 19.—As substt.
    1.
    hŏnestĭōres, um, m., men of noble birth:

    qui hominem castraverit... sive is servus sive liber sit, capite punitur: honestiores publicatis bonis in insulam deportantur,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 23, 13; 1, 21, 4 sq.;

    opp. humiliores,

    id. ib. 5, 25, 1 sq.; Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 1, 2, 2; 8, 4, 2.—
    2.
    hŏnestum, i, n., honorable conduct, morality, virtue:

    nec honesto quicquam honestius,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 7, 25:

    rigidi servator honesti (Cato),

    Luc. 2, 389.
    II. A.
    In gen.:

    ut (civium vita) opibus firma, copiis locuples, gloria ampla, virtute honesta sit,

    Cic. Att. 8, 11, 1:

    in convivio moderato atque honesto,

    id. Mur. 6, 13:

    aequa et honesta postulatio,

    id. Rosc. Am. 2, 7:

    honestum ac probabile nomen,

    id. Caecin. 25, 71; cf.:

    ut honesta praescriptione rem turpissimam tegerent,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4:

    causas abeundi quaerat honestas,

    Lucr. 4, 1181:

    certatio,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

    honestam rem actionemve aut non suscipere aut, etc.,

    id. ib. 13, 47:

    res, causa (opp. turpis),

    Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5; cf.:

    honesta res dividitur in rectum et laudabile,

    id. 3, 2, 3:

    hominum honestissimorum testimoniis non credere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

    homines honestissimi,

    id. ib. 17, 49:

    quod omnium sit votum parentum, ut honestiores quam sint ipsi, liberos habeant,

    Quint. 1, 1, 82:

    soror,

    virtuous, chaste, Hor. S. 2, 3, 58:

    vita honestissima,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; so in sup.:

    labor,

    Quint. 12, 7, 10:

    praecepta,

    id. 12, 2, 27:

    testimonia,

    id. 5, 11, 37:

    vitae instituta sic distant, ut Cretes et Aetoli latrocinari honestum putent,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 9:

    honestum quibusdam rapto vivere,

    Quint. 3, 7, 24:

    honestius est de amicorum pecunia laborare quam de sua,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 14, 2:

    ut neque rectum neque honestum sit, nec fieri possit, ut, etc.,

    id. Lael. 21, 76:

    honestum et rectum,

    id. ib. 22, 82:

    honestum id intellegimus, quod tale est, ut, detracta omni utilitate, sine ullis praemiis fructibusve per se ipsum possit jure laudari,

    id. Fin. 2, 14, 45; cf. id. Inv. 2, 53, 159; id. Leg. 1, 18, 48:

    si maritus uxorem suam in adulterio deprehensam occidit... non inique aliquid ejus honestissimo calori permittitur, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 4, 10, 1: mores honestos tradere,

    Juv. 6, 239.—As subst.: hŏnestum, i, n., honesty, integrity, virtue (cf.:

    honor, virtus, etc.): quandoquidem honestum aut ipsa virtus est aut res gesta virtute,

    id. Fin. 5, 23, 66; cf.:

    sive honestum solum bonum est, ut Stoicis placet, sive quod honestum est, id ita summum bonum est, ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 3, 13; 1, 4, 14:

    formam quidem ipsam et tamquam faciem honesti vides,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 14:

    omnis honesti justique disciplina,

    Quint. 12, 2, 1:

    honesti praesens imago,

    id. 12, 1, 28:

    quo (honesto) detracto quid poterit beatum intellegi?

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    de honesto ac bono,

    Quint. 2, 2, 5:

    honesta ac turpia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 44; 1, 17, 46:

    honestis similia sunt quaedam non honesta,

    id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

    in eodem pectore nullum est honestorum turpiumque consortium,

    Quint. 12, 1, 4:

    de honestis, justis, utilibus quaestiones,

    id. 3, 6, 41.—Prov.:

    honesta mors turpi vita potior,

    Tac. Agr. 33:

    imponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis,

    Juv. 6, 444:

    honestus rumor alterum est patrimonium,

    Pub. Syr. 217 Rib.—
    B.
    In partic., of personal appearance, noble, fine, handsome, beautiful (mostly poet.):

    ille erat honesta facie et liberali,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 15; 2, 1, 24; cf.: ita me di ament, honestus est. id. ib. 3, 2, 21:

    erat forma praeter ceteras honesta,

    id. And. 1, 1, 96:

    facies,

    Suet. Tib. 68:

    caput,

    Verg. A. 10, 133; id. G. 2, 392:

    asini,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 2:

    (equi),

    Verg. G. 3, 81:

    ager honestior,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 2:

    tunc ora rigantur honestis Imbribus (i. e. lacrimis),

    Stat. Th. 2, 234.—As subst.: hŏnestum, i, n., beauty:

    nec, si quid honesti est, jactat habetque palam, quaerit, quo turpia celet, = si quid pulchri habent,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 84.—Hence, adv.: hŏ-nestē.
    1.
    (Acc. to I.) Honorably, nobly (very rare):

    honeste natus,

    of noble birth, Suet. Aug. 43.—Far more freq. and class.,
    2.
    (Acc. to II.) Decently, becomingly, properly, creditably, virtuously:

    neque illa matrem satis honeste tuam sequi poterit comes,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 69; id. Rud. 2, 3, 77:

    sic volo Te ferre (aquam) honeste, ut ego fero,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

    unde Mundior exiret vix libertinus honeste,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 12:

    ut videamur vestiti esse honeste,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 31 Müll.:

    (Lucretia) tum quoque jam moriens, ne non procumbat honeste, Respicit,

    Ov. F. 2, 833:

    (Caesar) sinum ad ima crura deduxit, quo honestius caderet,

    Suet. Caes. 82; Lucil. ap. Non. 427, 26:

    valde se honeste gerunt,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 13:

    honestius hic, quam Q. Pompeius,

    id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

    quae in nostris rebus non satis honeste, in amicorum fiunt honestissime,

    id. Lael. 16, 57:

    aliquid recte honesteque dicere,

    id. Rep. 1, 2:

    beate et honeste vivere,

    id. ib. 4, 3:

    honeste vivere (opp. turpiter),

    Quint. 5, 10, 24:

    facere ac dicere (opp. turpiter),

    id. 11, 1, 14; 10, 5, 13:

    tam jejuna fames, cum possit honestius tremere, etc.,

    Juv. 5, 10. iste quidem veteres inter ponetur honeste, fairly, properly, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 43:

    fastigium nunc honeste vergit in tectum inferioris porticus,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > honestus

  • 16 pro

    1.
    prō (archaic collat. form, posi in posimerium; cf. pono, from posino; cf. Gr. poti and pot with pros), adv. and prep. [root in Sanscr. prep. pra-, before, as in prathamas, first; Gr. pro; cf.: proteros, prôtos, etc.; Lat.: prae, prior, priscus, etc.; perh. old abl. form, of which prae is the loc. ], before, in front of; and, transf., for, with the idea of protection, substitution, or proportion.
    I.
    Adv., found only in the transf. comp. signif. (v. infra, II. B. 3.) in connection with quam and ut: pro quam and pro ut (the latter usually written in one word, prout), like prae quam and prae ut.
    * A.
    Pro quam, in proportion as, just as:

    nec satis est, pro quam largos exaestuat aestus,

    Lucr. 2, 1137. —
    B.
    Pro ut or prout, according as, in proportion, accordingly, proportionably as, just as, as (class.):

    compararat argenti bene facti, prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant, satis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:

    tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto,

    id. Att. 11, 6 fin.:

    id, prout cujusque ingenium erat, interpretabantur,

    Liv. 38, 50:

    prout locus iniquus aequusve his aut illis, prout animus pugnantium est, prout numerus, varia pugnae fortuna est,

    id. 38, 40 fin. —With a corresp. ita:

    ejusque rationem ita haberi, prout haberi lege liceret,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia genera morborum sunt,

    Cels. 4, 4, 5:

    prout nives satiaverint, ita Nilum increscere,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.—
    II.
    Prep. with abl. (late Lat. with acc.:

    PRO SALVTEM SVAM,

    Inscr. Grut. 4, 12; 46, 9; Inscr. Orell. 2360), before, in front of.
    A.
    Lit., of place:

    sedens pro aede Castoris,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27:

    praesidia, quae pro templis cernitis,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    ii qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 32:

    pro castris copias habere,

    id. ib. 7, 66:

    pro castris dimicare,

    id. ib. 5, 16:

    pro oppido,

    id. ib. 7, 71:

    pro opere consistere,

    Sall. J. 92, 9:

    castra pro moenibus locata,

    Liv. 2, 53; 4, 17:

    pro muro,

    id. 30, 10:

    pro castris explicare aciem,

    id. 6, 23:

    pro vallo,

    Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101; Vell. 2, 19, 1.—With verbs of motion:

    Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit,

    before the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

    hasce tabulas hic ibidem pro pedibus tuis obicito,

    before your feet, App. Mag. p. 337, 36; id. M. 4, p. 155, 2.—
    2.
    In partic., with the accessory idea of presence on the front part, on the edge or brink of a place, on or in the front of, often to be translated by a simple on or in:

    pro censu classis iuniorum, Serv. Tullius cum dixit, accipi debet in censu, ut ait M. Varro, sicuti pro aede Castoris, pro tribunali, pro testimonio,

    Fest. p. 246 Müll.; cf.: pro significat in, ut pro rostris, pro aede, pro tribunali, Paul. ex Fest. p. 228 Müll.; and:

    pro sententia ac si dicatur in sententiā, ut pro rostris id est in rostris,

    id. p. 226 Müll.: hac re pro suggestu pronunciata, qs. standing on the front part of the tribune, or, as we would say, on the tribune, Caes. B. G. 6, 3: pro tribunali cum aliquid ageretur, was transacted before or at my tribunal, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 21; so,

    pro tribunali,

    id. Pis. 5, 11; id. Sest. 15, 34: pro contione, before the assembled army; and, in gen., before the assembly:

    laudatus pro contione Jugurtha,

    Sall. J. 8, 2; cf. Curt. 9, 1, 1:

    pro contione laudibus legati militumque tollere animos,

    Liv. 7, 7:

    fortes viros pro contione donantis,

    Curt. 10, 5, 10:

    pro contione litteras recitare,

    id. 4, 10, 16; Liv. 38, 23 fin.:

    pro contione palam utrumque temptavit,

    Suet. Vesp. 7; Tac. A. 3, 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 3: [p. 1448] 4, 5, 11; cf.:

    pro comitio,

    Suet. Aug. 43:

    uti pro consilio imperatum erat,

    in the council, Sall. J. 29, 6; cf.:

    supplicatio in triduum pro collegio decemvirūm imperata fuit,

    Liv. 38, 36:

    pontifices pro collegio decrevisse,

    Gell. 11, 3, 2:

    pro collegio pronuntiare,

    Liv. 4, 26, 9:

    suas simultates pro magistratu exercere,

    id. 39, 5:

    pro munimentis castelli manipulos explicat,

    before, on the fortifications, Tac. A. 2, 80; 12, 33: stabat pro litore diversa acies, in front of or upon the shore, id. ib. 14, 30:

    legionem pro ripā componere,

    id. ib. 12, 29:

    velamenta et infulas pro muris ostentant,

    in front of, from the walls, Tac. H. 3, 31; so,

    pro muris,

    id. A. 2, 81:

    ad hoc mulieres puerique pro tectis aedificiorum saxa et alia, quae locus praebebat, certatim mittere,

    standing on the edge of the roofs, from the roofs, Sall. J. 67, 1 Kritz.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To signify a standing before or in front of, for defence or protection; hence an acting for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, on the side of (opp. contra, adversum):

    veri inveniendi causā contra omnia dici oportere et pro omnibus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60; cf.:

    hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius,

    id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

    partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,

    id. Clu. 32, 88:

    difficillimum videtur quod dixi, pro ipsis esse quibus eveniunt ista, quae horremus ac tremimus,

    Sen. Prov. 3, 2:

    haec cum contra legem proque lege dicta essent,

    Liv. 34, 8: pro Romano populo armis certare, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.); cf.: pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.): quae ego pro re publica fecissem, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

    nihil ab eo praetermissum est, quod aut pro re publicā conquerendum fuit, aut pro eā disputandum,

    Cic. Sest. 2, 3:

    omnia me semper pro amicorum periculis, nihil umquam pro me ipso deprecatum,

    id. de Or. 2, 49, 201:

    convenit dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patriā,

    id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

    dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 2:

    pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 14:

    spondere levi pro paupere,

    id. A. P. 423:

    urbes, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant,

    Sall. J. 88, 4:

    nec aliud adversus validissimas gentes pro nobis utilius, quam, etc.,

    Tac. Agr. 12:

    et locus pro vobis et nox erit, Liv 9, 24, 8: et loca sua et genus pugnae pro hoste fuere,

    id. 39, 30, 3:

    pro Corbulone aetas, patrius mos... erant: contra, etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 4, 78; Curt. 4, 14, 16.—
    2.
    With the notion of replacement or substitution, in the place of, instead of, for.
    a.
    In gen.: numquam ego argentum pro vino congiario... disdidi, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:

    ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10:

    ego pro te molam,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 29; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13:

    mutata (ea dico), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud... ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, etc.,

    id. Or. 27, 92 sq.; cf.:

    libenter etiam copulando verba jungebant, ut sodes pro si audes, sis pro si vis... ain' pro aisne, nequire pro non quire, malle pro magis velle, nolle pro non velle. Dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,

    id. ib. 45, 154:

    pro vitulā statuis dulcem Aulide natam, Hor S. 2, 3, 199: pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 61; cf. Suet. Caes. 70:

    pro ope ferendā sociis pergit ipse ire, etc.,

    Liv. 23, 28, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.; Zumpt, Gram. § 667; cf.:

    pro eo, ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent, suas terras, etc.,

    Liv. 22, 1, 2.—
    b.
    Esp. freq. in connection with the title of any officer, to denote his substitute' pro consule, pro praetore, pro quaestore, pro magistro, etc. (afterwards joined into one word, as proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, promagister, etc.), proconsul, proprœtor, proquœstor, vice-director:

    cum pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens Athenas venissem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 82; cf.:

    cum L. Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule,

    instead of the consuls, not as proconsul, id. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    nec pro praetore, Caesarem (vocat),

    id. ib. 13, 10, 22; Liv. 35, 1. cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11' cf.:

    litteris Q. Caepionis Bruti pro consule... Q. Hortensii pro consule opera, etc.,

    id. Phil. 10, 11, 26: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, id. Att. 11, 10, 1; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1; see also the words proconsul, promagister, propraetor, proquaestor, etc.—
    c.
    So of price, penalty, etc., in exchange, in return for:

    tres minas pro istis duobus dedi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138; id. Aul. 3, 3, 8:

    pro hujus peccatis ego supplicium sufferam,

    Ter. And. 5, 3, 17:

    dimidium ejus quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 351:

    pro vitā hominis nisi hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum inmortalium numen placari,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 16:

    id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum,

    Liv. 7, 19, 3:

    vos, pro paternis sceleribus, poenas date,

    Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21:

    pro crimine poenas,

    Ov. Ib. 621.—
    3.
    Pro is also frequently used to denote the viewing, judging, considering, representing of a thing as something, for, the same as, just as, as:

    pro sano loqueris, quom me appellas nomine,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24:

    sese ducit pro adulescentulo,

    id. Stich. 3, 1, 65; id. Cist. 1, 3, 24:

    hunc Eduxi a parvulo, habui, amavi pro meo,

    as my own, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 23:

    Cato ille noster qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus,

    whose voice I regard as equal to that of thousands, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:

    Siciliam nobis non pro penariā cellā, sed pro aerario fuisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 5:

    P. Sestio pro occiso relictus est,

    id. Sest. 38, 81; Caes. B. G. 3, 109:

    cum pro damnato mortuoque esset,

    as good as condemned and dead, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

    summa ratio, quae sapientibus pro necessitate est,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:

    negotia pro solatiis accipiens,

    Tac. A. 4, 13:

    consuli pro hostibus esse,

    Liv. 43, 5, 4:

    adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur,

    as a boaster, Liv. 39, 49: quoniam de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, to consider as certain, Mat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, 6 et saep.; v. certus.—
    4.
    Esp. in certain phrases: pro eo, for the same thing, as just the same:

    ut si a Caesare, quod speramus, impetrarimus, tuo beneficio nos id consecutos esse judicemus: sin minus, pro eo tantum id habeamus, cum a te data sit opera, ut impetraremus,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 5.—With the particles of comparison: atque ( ac), ac si, quasi, just the same as, even as, as though: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1:

    pro eo ac si concessum sit,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

    pro eo est atque si adhibitus non esset,

    Dig. 28, 1, 22:

    pro eo erit quasi ne legatum quidem sit,

    ib. 30, 1, 38: pro eo quod, for the reason that, because:

    pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magnā apud omnes gloriā,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75: pro eo quod pluribus verbis vos quam volui fatigavi, veniam a vobis petitam velim, Liv 38, 49 fin. —
    5.
    On account of, for the sake of:

    dolor pro patriā,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24:

    tumultus pro recuperandā re publicā,

    id. Brut. 90, 311 dub. (B. and K. omit pro):

    dedit pro corpore nummos, i. e. to rescue his person,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 43:

    aliquem amare pro ejus eximiā suavitate,

    Cic. de Or 1, 55, 234:

    pro quibus meritis quanto opere dilectus sit,

    Suet. Aug. 57:

    cum pro incolumitate principis vota susceperunt,

    Tac. A. 4, 17:

    pro bono (= bene),

    Sall. J. 22, 4.—
    6.
    Pro is used in its most general sense in stating the relation between two objects or actions, in proportion, in comparison with, according to or as, conformably to, by virtue of, for, etc.:

    meus pater nunc pro hujus verbis recte et sapienter facit,

    according to his story, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133:

    tu pro oratione nec vir nec mulier mihi's,

    id. Rud. 4, 4, 71: pro viribus tacere ac fabulari, according to one's ability, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 4 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.):

    facere certum'st pro copiā ac sapientiā,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 8:

    agere pro viribus,

    Cic. Sen. 9, 27:

    aliquem pro dignitate laudare,

    id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:

    proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit,

    Liv. 21, 29: pro imperio, by virtue of his office or authority:

    quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat,

    Liv. 1, 51, 2; hence, imperatively, dictatorially, summarily:

    nec illum ipsum submovere pro imperio posse more majorum,

    id. 2, 56, 12 ' hem! satis pro imperio, quisquis es, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:

    pro tuā prudentiā,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 11, 12, 2:

    cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:

    quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset,

    id. Fam. 15, 15, 3: pro virili parte, according to one's ability, id. Sest. 66, 138; Liv. praef. 2; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23. —Esp. freq.: pro ratā parte and pro ratā, in proportion, proportionably; v. ratus:

    pro se quisque,

    each according to his ability, each one for himself, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 25; Verg. A. 12, 552 et saep.:

    pro tempore et pro re,

    according to time and circumstances, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    pro facultatibus,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 5.—Pro eo, quantum, or ut, in proportion to, as, according to, according as:

    eāque pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 21, 58:

    equidem pro eo, quanti te facio, quicquid feceris, approbabo,

    id. Fam. 3, 3, 2: tamen pro eo ut temporis difficultas tulit, etc., L. Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.
    ► In composition the o is long in some words, in others short (through the influence of the Gr.
    pro-): prōdeo, prŏfiteor; and even in words borrowed from the Greek, as prōlogus.—Its signification has reference either to place, before, forwards; or to protection, for; procedo, procurro, profanus; procuro, propugno, prosum, protego.
    2.
    prō (less correctly prōh), interj., an exclamation of wonder or lamentation, O! Ah! Alas! (class.).
    (α).
    With nom.:

    proh! bonae frugi hominem te jam pridem esse arbitror,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: pro Juppiter! Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. (Trag. v 225 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 3, 17; id. Eun. 3, 5, 2; id. Ad. 1, 2, 31; cf.:

    pro supreme Juppiter,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 42:

    pro Juppiter, Hominis stultitiam!

    id. ib. 3, 3, 12:

    pro di immortales,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 1; cf.: pro, dii immortales: Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

    pro curia inversique mores!

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 7:

    pro scelus,

    Mart. 2, 46, 8.—
    (β).
    Parenthet.:

    pro, quanta potentia regni Est, Venus alma, tui,

    Ov. M. 13, 758:

    et mea, pro! nullo pondere verba cadunt,

    id. H. 3, 98:

    tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus,

    Liv. 22, 14, 6; Curt. 4, 16, 10.—
    (γ).
    With acc.: pro divom fidem! Enn. ap. Don. ad. Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. v. 30 Vahl.); Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; cf.:

    pro deum atque hominum fidem!

    id. And. 1, 5, 2; 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

    instead of which, ellipt.: pro deum immortalium!

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 4:

    pro deum atque hominum,

    id. Hec. 2, 1, 1:

    pro fidem deum! facinus foedum,

    id. Eun. 5, 4, 21.—
    (δ).
    With gen.: pro malae tractationis! Tert. Poen. fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pro

  • 17 sanctitas

    sanctĭtas, ātis, f. [sanctus].
    I.
    Inviolability, sacredness, sanctity:

    tribunatūs,

    Cic. Sest. 37, 79: regum, Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 6; cf.: regii nominis, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 4, 211:

    sanctitas templi insulaeque,

    Liv. 44, 29:

    templo sanctitatem tribuere,

    Tac. A. 3, 62 fin.; cf.:

    augusti atque inviolati soli,

    Liv. 45, 5:

    fori,

    Quint. 11, 3, 58:

    mecum deorum et hominum sanctitates omnes et religiones afuerunt,

    Cic. Red. in Sen. 14, 34: propter sanctitatem aliquam, Massur. Sabin. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 8: patria sanctitas, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2.—
    II.
    (Acc. to sanctus, B.) Moral purity, holiness, sanctity, virtue, piety, integrity, honor, purity, chastity, etc.:

    omnes cives sic existimant, quasi lumen aliquod exstinctis ceteris elucere sanctitatem et prudentiam et dignitatem tuam,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.:

    exemplum veteris sanctitatis,

    id. Phil. 3, 6, 15:

    deos ipsos innocentiā et sanctitate laetari,

    Plin. Pan. 3 fin.:

    si pudor, si modestia, si pudicitia, si temperantia poenae metu coercebuntur, non sanctitate suā se tuebuntur?

    virtue, Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 73:

    deos placatos pietas efficiet et sanctitas,

    id. Off. 2, 3, 11; cf.:

    sanctitas est scientia colendorum deorum,

    id. N. D. 1, 41, 116:

    quae potest esse pietas? quae sanctitas? quae religio?... cum quā (pietate) simulet sanctitatem et religionem tolli necesse est,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 3; cf. id. Top. 23, 90.— Plur.:

    deorum cultus religionumque sanctitates,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 5:

    matronarum,

    id. Cael. 13, 32; cf. Inscr. Orell. 2739; and:

    pudorem sanctitatemque feminarum abrogare,

    Liv. 34, 6; so,

    dominae,

    Tac. A. 14, 60:

    docentis,

    towards his pupils, Quint. 2, 2, 3:

    ducis,

    Flor. 2, 6, 40. —Of a man, chastity, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5; Vell. 2, 29, 3; Sid. Ep. 6, 10:

    vir summae sanctitatis,

    Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 21:

    sanctitas (orationis) Calvi,

    Quint. 12, 10, 11; cf.:

    sanctitas et ut sic dicam virilitas ab his (sc. veteribus Latinis) petenda,

    id. 1, 8, 9 (v. sanctus, near the end).—As the title of a bishop, Cassiod. Var. 3, 37.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sanctitas

  • 18 vis

    vīs, vis, f., plur. vīres, ĭum (class. only in nom., acc. and abl. sing. and in plur.; gen. sing. very rare; Tac. Or. 26; Dig. 4, 2, 1; Paul. Sent. 5, 30; dat. sing. vi, Auct. B. Afr. 69, 2; C. I. L. 5, 837; collat. form of the nom. and acc. plur. vis, Lucr. 3, 265; 2, 586; Sall. ap. Prisc. p. 707, or H. 3, 62 Dietsch; Messala ap. Macr. S. 1, 9, 14) [Gr. is, Wis, sinew, force; iphi, with might], strength, physical or mental; force, vigor, power, energy, virtue (cf. robur).
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Sing.:

    celeritas et vis equorum,

    Cic. Div. 1, 70, 144:

    magna vis eorum (urorum) et magna velocitas,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 28:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    tempestatis,

    id. B. C. 2, 14:

    venti,

    Lucr. 1, 271:

    solis,

    id. 4, 326 (301):

    horrida teli,

    id. 3, 170:

    acris vini,

    id. 3, 476:

    ferri aerisque,

    id. 5, 1286:

    veneni,

    Cic. Cael. 24, 58 et saep.—
    (β).
    Plur. (most freq. of physical strength):

    non viribus aut velocitatibus aut celeritate corporum res magnae geruntur,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

    nec nunc vires desidero adulescentis, non plus quam adulescens tauri aut elephanti desiderabam,

    id. ib. 9, 27:

    hoc ali vires nervosque confirmari putant,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

    me jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,

    id. ib. 7, 50 fin.:

    perpauci viribus confisi transnatare contenderunt,

    id. ib. 1, 53:

    nostri integris viribus fortiter repugnare,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    lacertis et viribus pugnare,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    omnibus viribus atque opibus repugnare,

    id. Tusc. 3, 11, 25:

    non animi solum vigore sed etiam corporis viribus excellens,

    Liv. 9, 16, 12:

    validis viribus hastam contorquere,

    Verg. A. 2, 50:

    quicquid agas, decet agere pro viribus,

    with all your might, Cic. Sen. 9, 27; so,

    supra vires,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 22:

    et neglecta solent incendia sumere vires,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 85:

    seu virium vi seu exercitatione multā cibi vinique capacissimus,

    Liv. 9, 16, 13; cf.:

    in proelii concursu abit res a Consilio ad vires vimque pugnantium,

    Nep. Thras. 1, 4 dub. (Siebel. vires usumque).— Poet., with inf.:

    nec mihi sunt vires inimicos pellere tectis,

    Ov. H. 1, 109.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Energy, virtue, potency (of herbs, drugs, etc.):

    in radices vires oleae abibunt,

    Cato, R. R. 61, 1:

    vires habet herba?

    Ov. M. 13, 942:

    egregius fons Viribus occultis adjuvat,

    Juv. 12, 42. —
    b.
    Vis, personified, the same as Juno, Aus. Idyll. de Deis; cf. Verg. A. 7, 432 Serv. —
    c.
    Hostile strength, force, violence, = bia: EA POENA, QVAE EST DE VI, S. C. ap. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:

    cum vi vis illata defenditur,

    Cic. Mil. 4, 9; cf.:

    celeri rumore dilato Dioni vim allatam,

    Nep. Dion, 10, 1:

    ne vim facias ullam in illam,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 37:

    sine vi facere,

    id. ib. 4, 7, 20:

    vim afferre alicui,

    Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62; 2, 4, 66, § 148:

    adhibere,

    id. Off. 3, 30, 110; id. Cat. 1, 8, 19:

    praesidio tam valido et armato vim adferre,

    Liv. 9, 16, 4:

    iter per vim tentare,

    by force, forcibly, Caes. B. G. 1, 14; so,

    per vim,

    id. B. C. 2, 13; Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4:

    ne id quidem satis est, nisi docet, ita se possedisse nec vi nec clam nec precario possederit,

    id. Caecin. 32, 92; so the jurid. formula in Lex Thoria ap. Grut. 202, 18; Dig. 41, 1, 22; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

    vis haec quidem hercle est, et trahi et trudi simul,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 20:

    naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam (shortly afterwards: tantas tempestates Oceani tantosque impetus ventorum sustineri),

    violence, shock, Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

    caeli,

    a storm, tempest, Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 278.—To avoid the gen. form (v. supra):

    de vi condemnati sunt,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4: de vi reus; id. Sest. 35, 75; id. Vatin. 17, 41:

    ei qui de vi itemque ei qui majestatis damnatus sit,

    id. Phil. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 21 sq. Halm ad loc.; Tac. A. 4, 13.—
    d.
    In mal. part., force, violence: pudicitiam cum eriperet militi tribunus militaris... interfectus ab eo est, cui vim adferebat, Cic. Mil. 4, 9:

    matribus familias vim attulisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62:

    vis allata sorori,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 679:

    victa nitore dei vim passa est,

    id. M. 4, 233:

    vim passa est Phoebe,

    id. A. A. 1, 679.—
    B.
    Transf., concr.
    1.
    Quantity, number, abundance (cf.: copia, multitudo); with gen.:

    quasi retruderet hominum me vis invitum,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 66:

    innumerabilis servorum,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22:

    in pompā cum magna vis auri argentique ferretur,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91:

    vis magna pulveris,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

    vis maxima ranunculorum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

    argenti,

    id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4:

    vim lacrimarum profudi,

    id. Rep. 6, 14, 14:

    odora canum vis,

    Verg. A. 4, 132; cf. absol.:

    et nescio quomodo is, qui auctoritatem minimam habet, maximam vim, populus cum illis facit,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 44.—
    2.
    Vires, military forces, troops:

    praeesse exercitui, ut praeter auctoritatem vires quoque ad coërcendum haberet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

    satis virium ad certamen,

    Liv. 3, 60, 4:

    undique contractis viribus signa cum Papirio conferre,

    id. 9, 13, 12:

    robur omne virium ejus regni,

    the flower, id. 33, 4, 4:

    concitet et vires Graecia magna suas,

    Ov. H. 15 (16), 340.—
    3.
    Vires, the virile forces or organs, Arn. 5, 158; 5, 163; Inscr. Orell. 2322; 2332:

    veluti castratis viribus,

    Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 60; cf.:

    vis (= vires) multas possidere in se,

    Lucr. 2, 586.—Rarely sing.:

    vis genitalis,

    Tac. A. 6, 18.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Mental strength, power, force, vigor:

    vis illa divina et virtus oratoris,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 120:

    vis ac facultas oratoris,

    id. ib. 1, 31, 142:

    suavitatem Isocrates... sonitum Aeschines, vim Demosthenes habuit,

    id. ib. 3, 7, 28:

    summa ingenii,

    id. Phil. 5, 18, 49:

    magna vis est conscientiae in utramque partem,

    id. Mil. 23, 61:

    magna vis est in fortunā in utramque partem,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    patriae,

    id. de Or. 1, 44, 196:

    quod ostentum habuit hanc vim, ut, etc.,

    power, effect, id. Div. 1, 33, 73:

    qui indignitate suā vim ac jus magistratui quem gerebat dempsisset,

    Liv. 26, 12, 8:

    hujus conventionis,

    Dig. 43, 25, 12.— Plur. (post-Aug.):

    eloquentiae,

    Quint. 5, 1, 2:

    facilitatis,

    id. 12, 9, 20:

    ingenii,

    id. 1, 2, 23; 12, 1, 32:

    orationis,

    id. 8, 3, 87.—
    B.
    Transf., of abstr. things, force, notion, meaning, sense, import, nature, essence (cf. significatio):

    id, in quo est omnis vis amicitiae,

    Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

    eloquentiae vis et natura,

    id. Or. 31, 112:

    vis honesti (with natura),

    id. Off. 1, 6, 18; cf. id. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

    virtutis,

    id. Fam. 9, 16, 5:

    quae est alia vis legis?

    id. Dom. 20, 53:

    vis, natura, genera verborum et simplicium et copulatorum,

    i.e. the sense, signification, id. Or. 32, 115:

    vis verbi,

    id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; id. Balb. 8, 21:

    quae vis insit in his paucis verbis, si attendes, si attendes, intelleges,

    id. Fam. 6, 2, 3:

    quae vis subjecta sit vocibus,

    id. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

    nominis,

    id. Top. 8, 35: metônumia, cujus vis est, pro eo, quod dicitur, causam, propter quam dicitur, ponere, Quint. 8, 6, 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vis

  • 19 bonitās

        bonitās ātis, f    [bonus], goodness, excellence: agrorum, Cs.: ingeni: naturae. — Of character, goodness, honesty, integrity, uprightness, virtue, blamelessness: fidem alicuius bonitatemque laudare: potestatem bonitate retinere, N.—Goodness, kindness, friendliness, benevolence, benignity: nihil est tam populare quam bonitas: odium bonitate lenire: naturalis, kind-heartedness, N.: hereditates bonitate consequi, N.—Parental love, tenderness: in suos: erga homines: facit parentes bonitas, non necessitas, Ph.
    * * *
    goodness, integrity, moral excellence; kindness, benevolence, tenderness

    Latin-English dictionary > bonitās

  • 20 cursus

        cursus ūs, m    [1 CEL-], a running, course, way, march, passage, voyage, journey: cursum quom institeris, T.: navium, Cs.: ingressus, cursus, accubitio: cursu cum aequalibus certare, S.: cursu contingere metam, H.: se cursu miratur in ipso, O.: quique pedum cursu valet, V.: huc magno cursu intenderunt, at full speed, Cs.: cursu Troas agebat, V.: cursu in hostem feruntur, advance at a run, L.: cursum in medios dedit, rushed, V.: effuso cursu, L.: eodem cursu contendere, right onward, Cs.: tam brevi tempore tantos cursūs conficere: cursum direxit, quo tendebat, N.: iterare cursūs relictos, H.: Hunc morem cursūs docuit, sort of race, V.: Cursibus decernere, in racing, V.: Quo cursu deserta petiverit, flight, V.: in hoc medio cursu, i. e. half-way across, Cs.: secundissimo vento cursum tenere.—Of things, a course, way, flow: stellarum: mutata suos flumina cursūs, movement, V.: Cursibus obliquis fluens, O. — A passage: cursum exspectare, i. e. a fair wind.—Poet.: et vi cursus in altum Vela vocet, V.—Fig., a course, progress, direction, way, passage, access, succession: rerum: vitae: quem dederat cursum fortuna, V.: temporum: continuus proeliorum, Ta.: vocis per omnīs sonos: invectus contexere cursu, i. e. in a breath, Iu.: In cursu meus dolor est, i. e. is permanent, O.: recto depellere cursu, from virtue, H.
    * * *
    running; speed/zeal; charge, onrush; forward movement/march; revolution (wheel); course/direction, line of advance, orbit; voyage/passage; race; career; series; lesson

    Latin-English dictionary > cursus

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